Utilization of PID Controller to Optimize Energy Consumption in Hybrid Forced Convection Dryer
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Abstract
The drying process is essential in food processing, particularly for grains or beans. This process can influence the characteristics and quality of the dried material. However, the drying process needs massive energy. This condition can increase the cost of production. Therefore, optimizing energy is needed during the drying process. PID controller was proposed to be utilized in the dryer to maximize energy efficiency in this study. This method was implemented in forced convection and hybrid forced convection dryer. The temperature sensor was used as parameter control of the PID method to control the electric heater and exhaust fan. Moreover, PZEM-004T was used to measure the energy consumption. The objective of this study is to implement and fine-tune the PID controller to obtain the performance difference between two types of dryers, namely forced convection and hybrid forced convection. This will be achieved by collecting data on power and energy consumption. The results indicate that the hybrid dryer can significantly decrease power and energy consumption by 48.32% and 49.18%, respectively, compared to the forced convection dryer.
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[1]
B. A. Pramudita, “Utilization of PID Controller to Optimize Energy Consumption in Hybrid Forced Convection Dryer”, INFOTEL, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 614–625, Sep. 2024.
Section
Electronics
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[2] T. M. Kieu Tran, T. Kirkman, M. Nguyen, and Q. Van Vuong, “Effects of drying on physical properties, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Robusta wet coffee pulp (Coffea canephora),” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 7, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04498.
[3] K. Amaliah, T. Prihandono, and S. Sudarti, “Tobacco Drying Mechanism Study of Temperature and Heat Physics,” Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 82–89, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.29303/jpft.v8i1.3591.
[4] T. Belwal et al., “Effects of different drying techniques on the quality and bioactive compounds of plant-based products: a critical review on current trends,” Drying Technology, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1539–1561, 2022, doi: 10.1080/07373937.2022.2068028.
[5] D. I. Onwude, N. Hashim, and G. Chen, “Recent advances of novel thermal combined hot air drying of agricultural crops,” Trends in Food Science and Technology, vol. 57. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 132–145, Nov. 01, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.012.
[6] J. C. Atuonwu, X. Jin, G. van Straten, H. C. van Deventer Antonius, and J. B. van Boxtel, “Reducing energy consumption in food drying: Opportunities in desiccant adsorption and other dehumidification strategies,” Procedia Food Sci, vol. 1, pp. 1799–1805, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2011.09.264.
[7] C. A. Bissaro, R. O. Defendi, L. C. Pereira, A. L. Braccini, D. F. Rossoni, and L. M. de M. Jorge, “Effect of intermittent drying on the energy consumption and physiological quality of soybean seeds,” J Food Process Preserv, vol. 45, no. 3, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1111/jfpp.15188.
[8] M. A. Maysami, R. Sedighi, and H. Ghaffari, “Evaluation of different drying processes by energy consumption in an insulated and not insulated laboratory convection dryer,” Food Res, vol. 4, pp. 107–111, 2020, doi: 10.26656/fr.2017.4(S6).042.
[9] A. I. Sharapov, A. G. Arzamastsev, Y. V. Shatskikh, Y. Aleksandrovna Geller, and M. N. Neklyudov, “Improvement Of Heat Utilization Efficiency In Drying Plants,” in Procedia Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, 2022, pp. 159–163. [Online]. Available: http://www.procedia-esem.eu
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[11] A. Shahir, B. Mokhtar, and M. Oktaviandri, “PID Controller for Optimum Energy Efficiency in Air-Conditioner,” 2022. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijeepse.ejournal.unri.ac.id
[12] G. I. Gandha and D. Nurcipto, “Fuzzy PID Algorithm-Based External Carbon Controller for Denitrification Process Enhancement in Wastewater Treatment Plant,” JURNAL INFOTEL, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 178, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.20895/infotel.v10i4.407.
[13] M. M. Gani, M. S. Islam, and M. A. Ullah, “Optimal PID tuning for controlling the temperature of electric furnace by genetic algorithm,” SN Appl Sci, vol. 1, no. 8, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-0929-y.
[14] J. Zhang, C. Li, Q. Jia, and R. Gao, “Research on the Adaptive PID Speed Control Method for Hub Motors,” Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/4979824.
[15] H. Maghfiroh, C. Hermanu, M. H. Ibrahim, M. Anwar, and A. Ramelan, “Hybrid fuzzy-PID like optimal control to reduce energy consumption,” Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 2053–2061, 2020, doi: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.V18I4.14535.
[16] C. Ivan, R. Jaimes, J. Luis Diaz Rodriguez, D. Armando, and M. Bugallo, “On-line method for optimal tuning of PID controllers using standard OPC interface Método on-line para sintonización óptima de controladores PID utilizando interface estándar OPC,” Julio-Diciembre, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 13–26, 2022, doi: 10.17981/ingecuc.18.2.2022.02.
[17] M. Imal, “Design and implementation of energy efficiency in hvac systems based on robust pid control for industrial applications,” J Sens, vol. 2015, 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/954159.
[18] T. N. Sandeep, B. B. Channabasamma, T. N. Gopinandhan, and J. S. Nagaraja, “The effect of drying temperature on cup quality of coffee subjected to mechanical drying,” Journal of Plantation Crops, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 35–41, May 2021, doi: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i1.7059.
[19] C. Pica, R. Munteanu, S. Pavel, and Beleiu Horia, “Modeling of Photovoltaic Panels,” in 10th International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE2018), 2018, pp. 769–773. doi: 10.1109/ICEPE.2018.8559884.
[20] A. M. Almeida, M. M. Castel-Branco, and A. C. Falcao, “Linear regression for calibration lines revisited: weighting schemes for bioanalytical methods,” Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 774, pp. 215–222, 2002, [Online]. Available: www.elsevier.com/locate/chromb
[21] G. S. Mohammad, “Estimate Accuracy of the Sample Determination Coefficient R2 and R2 for the Multiple Regression Models,” Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, vol. 55, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.1.25.
[22] I. Nur Achmad and R. Setyo Witiastuti, “Underpricing, Institutional Ownership and Liquidity Stock of IPO Companies in Indonesia,” Management Analysis Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://maj.unnes.ac.id
[23] C. L. Cheng, Shalabh, and G. Garg, “Coefficient of determination for multiple measurement error models,” J Multivar Anal, vol. 126, pp. 137–152, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jmva.2014.01.006.
[24] D. Curran-Everett and C. L. Williams, “Staying Current Explorations in statistics: the analysis of change,” Adv Physiol Educ, vol. 39, pp. 49–54, 2015, doi: 10.1152/advan.00018.2015.-Learning.