Design of a 20 Mbps OQPSK Modulator Based on Multiplexers
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper aims to delve into the design and implementation aspects of an OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulator within the context of modem technology, underscoring its pivotal role in contemporary information technology infrastructure.
The research primarily focuses on elucidating the theoretical foundations of OQPSK modulation, which represents an enhancement of QPSK modulation techniques. Central to the design is the utilization of a multiplexer to select one carrier signal out of four, which is subsequently modulated by data bits. Furthermore, the modulator employs two square wave signals phased 90 degrees apart, which are transformed into differential sinusoidal signals to constitute the carrier signal. Operating frequencies encompass a 5 MHz streaming data bits frequency and a 10 MHz clock frequency.
Simulation results validate the efficacy of the OQPSK modulator by demonstrating its capability to generate modulated signals at a robust data transfer rate of 20 Mbps. This underscores the modulator's effectiveness in transmitting digital data over analog communication channels.
In conclusion, the designed OQPSK modulator exemplifies its proficiency in efficiently modulating and demodulating signals, thereby bolstering connectivity and communication across diverse societal sectors. This research contributes significantly to the advancement of modem technology, which is indispensable for the expansion and maintenance of modern communication networks, ensuring robust connectivity in the digital age.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
[1]
P. Nugroho, “Design of a 20 Mbps OQPSK Modulator Based on Multiplexers”, INFOTEL, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 855-870, Dec. 2024.
Section
Electronics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
References
[1] B. Kim and J. Kim, “Low-Complexity Design and Implementation of a Software-Defined 5G Energy Detector for Fast Initial Cell Selection,” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 80300-80307, 2024.
[2] H. Afzal, C. Li and O. Momeni, “A Highly Efficient 165-GHz 4FSK 17-Gb/s Transceiver System With Frequency Overlapping Architecture in 65-nm CMOS, ” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3113-3126, Nov. 2023.
[3] C. W. Byeon, K. C. Eun and C. S. Park, “A 2.65-pJ/Bit 12.5-Gb/s 60-GHz OOK CMOS Transmitter and Receiver for Proximity Communications” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2902-2910, July 2020.
[4] P. E. Sics, N. Tihomorskis, S. Migla, J. Ratners, V. Kurtenoks and A. Aboltins, “Implementation of Reconfigurable 149Mbps TDC-Based PPM Transceiver,” in proceeding of 2024 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit), Antwerp, Belgium, 2024, pp. 706-710.
[5] Q. Peng, H. Jia, R. Fang, P. Guan, M. Deng, J. Xue, W. Deng, X. Liang, and B. Chi, “A 26-Gb/s 140-GHz OOK CMOS Transmitter and Receiver Chipset for High-Speed Proximity Wireless Communication,” in proceeding of 2023 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), San Diego, CA, USA, 2023, pp. 145-148.
[6] X. Liu, W. Yang, Z. Liu and S. Xiao, “Performance Enhancement of FEC-Coded 32QAM DMT Signals With Rate-Flexible HCS in FSO Systems” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 1081-1084, 1 Sept.1, 2024.
[7] S. Čubrilović, Z. Kuzmanović, M. Punt, D. Vučić and B. Kovačević, “FBMC/OQAM-Based Secure Voice Communications Over Voice Channels” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 94452-94460, 2024.
[8] H. Lin, Y. Deng, H. Zhang, J. Wang and Y. Zhang, “An Extended Model of Ionospheric Dispersion Effects for Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Signal and Correction Method” in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 19, pp. 1-5, 2022.
[9] X. Jiang, S. Wu, Y. Chen and L. Qiu, “Parameter Estimation for Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Signals Using Phase Modulation” in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 76-80, 2021.
[10] G. Sarantoglou, A. Bogris and C. Mesaritakis, “All-Optical, Reconfigurable, and Power Independent Neural Activation Function by Means of Phase Modulation,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1-6, Oct. 2024.
[11] Q. Wu, Z. Xu, X. Liu, T. Zhao, Y. Wang and F. Zhao, “Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Transform Using Periodic-Coded Phase Modulation,” in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 21, pp. 1-5, 2024.
[12] A. Kumar and S. P. Dash, “Optimal Multi-Level Amplitude-Shift Keying Modulation for a Reliable Channel Magnitude Detection-Based Receive Diversity Powerline Communication System, ” in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 2168-2178, Dec. 2022.
[13] A. Heifetz et al., “Transmission of Images With Ultrasonic Elastic Shear Waves on a Metallic Pipe Using Amplitude Shift Keying Protocol,” in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1192-1200, June 2020.
[14] A. Beigi, F. Tavana, A. A. Razavi Haeri and A. Safarian, “Analysis and Design of a Duty-Cycle-Controlled Amplitude Shift Keying Class-E Power Amplifier, ” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10470-10479, Aug. 2023
[15] X. Hua Cao, Y. Hao Zhang, M. Li, N. Hua Zhu and W. Li, “Microwave FSK Signal Generation Based on Optoelectronic Oscillator and PolM, ” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 869-872, 15 July15, 2024.
[16] B. Wang, C. Ding, Y. Nie, W. Rhee and Z. Wang, “A 0.14-nJ/b 200-Mb/s 2.7–3.5-GHz Quasi-Balanced FSK Transceiver With PLL-Based Modulation and Sideband Energy Detection,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1590-1601, April 2024.
[17] Z. Wu, B. Jiang, Y. -F. Liu, M. Shao and Y. -H. Dai, “Efficient CI-Based One-Bit Precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems With PSK Modulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4861-4875, May 2024.
[18] P. Dhull, D. Schreurs, G. Paolini, A. Costanzo, M. Abolhasan and N. Shariati, “Multitone PSK Modulation Design for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 446-460, Jan. 2024.
[19] R. Depika, K. S. Sourabh, and J. Manikandan, “Design and Implementation of a novel QPSK demodulator for FPGA based system design, In Proc. of IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), 2019 , Bangalore, India, pp. 1-4.
[20] Wirasapta, A. H., Nugroho, P and Wibowo, S. B. (2022). “Designing QPSK Modulator Using LTspice-Based Discrete Components,” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT), 2022, Solo, Indonesia, pp. 283-288.
[21] J. Hebeler, L. Steinweg, F. Ellinger and T. Zwick, “Wideband BPSK Transmitter Phased Array Operating at 246 GHz With ±30° Steering Range,” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 51130-51137, 2024.
[22] J. Guedey, F. Rivet, H. Lapuyade and Y. Deval, “Transceiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Area Networks With Non-Coherent BPSK Detection,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 2976-2980, June 2024.
[23] P. Mu, Y. Liu, Z. Guo, X. Hu and K. -K. Wong, “On the Generalization and Advancement of Half-Sine-Based Pulse Shaping Filters for Constant Envelope OQPSK Modulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 2906-2911, Feb. 2024.
[24] E. Faulkner, Z. Yun, S. Zhou, Z. J. Shi, S. Han and G. B. Giannakis, "An Advanced GNU Radio Receiver of IEEE 802.15.4 OQPSK Physical Layer,” in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 9206-9218, 1 June1, 2021.
[25] S. Zargham, Z. Ji and A. Liscidini, “A 2.4-GHz 1.3-mW OQPSK RF Front-End TX Based on an Injection-Locked Power Amplifier,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1541-1552, May 2021.
[26] P. Nugroho, R. K. Pokharel, A. Anand, A. Tomar, H. Kanaya, and K. Yoshida, “Development of low phase noise quadrature output digitally controlled CMOS ring oscillator,” In Proceeding Of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 2011, pp. 255-258.
[27] R. K. Pokharel, S. Hamada, A. Tomar, S. Lingala, P. Nugroho, H. Kanaya, and K. Yoshida, “Digitally controlled ring oscillator using fraction-based series optimization for inductorless reconfigurable all-digital PLL (2011),” In Proc. Of IEEE 11th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, Glendale, AZ, USA, 2011, pp. 69-72.
[28] N. Sudira, P. Nugroho, and S. B. Wibowo, “Analysis and Design Implementation of Modulator π/4 – Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Low Power Based on FPGA”, In Proc. of International Conference on Smart Technology and Applications (ICoSTA), Surabaya, Indonesia, 2020, pp. 1-6.
[2] H. Afzal, C. Li and O. Momeni, “A Highly Efficient 165-GHz 4FSK 17-Gb/s Transceiver System With Frequency Overlapping Architecture in 65-nm CMOS, ” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3113-3126, Nov. 2023.
[3] C. W. Byeon, K. C. Eun and C. S. Park, “A 2.65-pJ/Bit 12.5-Gb/s 60-GHz OOK CMOS Transmitter and Receiver for Proximity Communications” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 2902-2910, July 2020.
[4] P. E. Sics, N. Tihomorskis, S. Migla, J. Ratners, V. Kurtenoks and A. Aboltins, “Implementation of Reconfigurable 149Mbps TDC-Based PPM Transceiver,” in proceeding of 2024 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit), Antwerp, Belgium, 2024, pp. 706-710.
[5] Q. Peng, H. Jia, R. Fang, P. Guan, M. Deng, J. Xue, W. Deng, X. Liang, and B. Chi, “A 26-Gb/s 140-GHz OOK CMOS Transmitter and Receiver Chipset for High-Speed Proximity Wireless Communication,” in proceeding of 2023 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), San Diego, CA, USA, 2023, pp. 145-148.
[6] X. Liu, W. Yang, Z. Liu and S. Xiao, “Performance Enhancement of FEC-Coded 32QAM DMT Signals With Rate-Flexible HCS in FSO Systems” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 1081-1084, 1 Sept.1, 2024.
[7] S. Čubrilović, Z. Kuzmanović, M. Punt, D. Vučić and B. Kovačević, “FBMC/OQAM-Based Secure Voice Communications Over Voice Channels” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 94452-94460, 2024.
[8] H. Lin, Y. Deng, H. Zhang, J. Wang and Y. Zhang, “An Extended Model of Ionospheric Dispersion Effects for Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Signal and Correction Method” in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 19, pp. 1-5, 2022.
[9] X. Jiang, S. Wu, Y. Chen and L. Qiu, “Parameter Estimation for Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Signals Using Phase Modulation” in IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 76-80, 2021.
[10] G. Sarantoglou, A. Bogris and C. Mesaritakis, “All-Optical, Reconfigurable, and Power Independent Neural Activation Function by Means of Phase Modulation,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1-6, Oct. 2024.
[11] Q. Wu, Z. Xu, X. Liu, T. Zhao, Y. Wang and F. Zhao, “Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Transform Using Periodic-Coded Phase Modulation,” in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 21, pp. 1-5, 2024.
[12] A. Kumar and S. P. Dash, “Optimal Multi-Level Amplitude-Shift Keying Modulation for a Reliable Channel Magnitude Detection-Based Receive Diversity Powerline Communication System, ” in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 2168-2178, Dec. 2022.
[13] A. Heifetz et al., “Transmission of Images With Ultrasonic Elastic Shear Waves on a Metallic Pipe Using Amplitude Shift Keying Protocol,” in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1192-1200, June 2020.
[14] A. Beigi, F. Tavana, A. A. Razavi Haeri and A. Safarian, “Analysis and Design of a Duty-Cycle-Controlled Amplitude Shift Keying Class-E Power Amplifier, ” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10470-10479, Aug. 2023
[15] X. Hua Cao, Y. Hao Zhang, M. Li, N. Hua Zhu and W. Li, “Microwave FSK Signal Generation Based on Optoelectronic Oscillator and PolM, ” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 869-872, 15 July15, 2024.
[16] B. Wang, C. Ding, Y. Nie, W. Rhee and Z. Wang, “A 0.14-nJ/b 200-Mb/s 2.7–3.5-GHz Quasi-Balanced FSK Transceiver With PLL-Based Modulation and Sideband Energy Detection,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1590-1601, April 2024.
[17] Z. Wu, B. Jiang, Y. -F. Liu, M. Shao and Y. -H. Dai, “Efficient CI-Based One-Bit Precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems With PSK Modulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4861-4875, May 2024.
[18] P. Dhull, D. Schreurs, G. Paolini, A. Costanzo, M. Abolhasan and N. Shariati, “Multitone PSK Modulation Design for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,” in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 446-460, Jan. 2024.
[19] R. Depika, K. S. Sourabh, and J. Manikandan, “Design and Implementation of a novel QPSK demodulator for FPGA based system design, In Proc. of IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), 2019 , Bangalore, India, pp. 1-4.
[20] Wirasapta, A. H., Nugroho, P and Wibowo, S. B. (2022). “Designing QPSK Modulator Using LTspice-Based Discrete Components,” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT), 2022, Solo, Indonesia, pp. 283-288.
[21] J. Hebeler, L. Steinweg, F. Ellinger and T. Zwick, “Wideband BPSK Transmitter Phased Array Operating at 246 GHz With ±30° Steering Range,” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 51130-51137, 2024.
[22] J. Guedey, F. Rivet, H. Lapuyade and Y. Deval, “Transceiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Area Networks With Non-Coherent BPSK Detection,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 2976-2980, June 2024.
[23] P. Mu, Y. Liu, Z. Guo, X. Hu and K. -K. Wong, “On the Generalization and Advancement of Half-Sine-Based Pulse Shaping Filters for Constant Envelope OQPSK Modulation,” in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 2906-2911, Feb. 2024.
[24] E. Faulkner, Z. Yun, S. Zhou, Z. J. Shi, S. Han and G. B. Giannakis, "An Advanced GNU Radio Receiver of IEEE 802.15.4 OQPSK Physical Layer,” in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 9206-9218, 1 June1, 2021.
[25] S. Zargham, Z. Ji and A. Liscidini, “A 2.4-GHz 1.3-mW OQPSK RF Front-End TX Based on an Injection-Locked Power Amplifier,” in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1541-1552, May 2021.
[26] P. Nugroho, R. K. Pokharel, A. Anand, A. Tomar, H. Kanaya, and K. Yoshida, “Development of low phase noise quadrature output digitally controlled CMOS ring oscillator,” In Proceeding Of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 2011, pp. 255-258.
[27] R. K. Pokharel, S. Hamada, A. Tomar, S. Lingala, P. Nugroho, H. Kanaya, and K. Yoshida, “Digitally controlled ring oscillator using fraction-based series optimization for inductorless reconfigurable all-digital PLL (2011),” In Proc. Of IEEE 11th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, Glendale, AZ, USA, 2011, pp. 69-72.
[28] N. Sudira, P. Nugroho, and S. B. Wibowo, “Analysis and Design Implementation of Modulator π/4 – Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Low Power Based on FPGA”, In Proc. of International Conference on Smart Technology and Applications (ICoSTA), Surabaya, Indonesia, 2020, pp. 1-6.