Design and Implementation of Current Control for Step Up–Down Zeta H-Bridge Inverter Using STM32F407VET6
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Abstract
The development of electrical power conversion equipment is increasing, along with the utilization of new and renewable energy sources. Power conversion equipment from DC to AC voltage, known as inverters, is extensively researched and implemented in this sector. These inverters commonly operate as step-down voltage in specific applications used as step-ups with limited operating ranges. A step-up-down inverter with a single power circuit is developed to overcome this issue. Still, the number of power switches used correlates with the complexity of its control strategy. This paper investigates a step-up-down inverter using the Zeta H-Bridge Inverter with the implementation of six power switches. Furthermore, this type of inverter is operated with a controlled output current utilizing the STM32VET407 microcontroller. The control method is derived based on possible operational modes. An HX10-P current sensor detects the output current. It maintains itself according to the current reference by installing a proportional-integral controller. The initial verification utilizes computational simulation with power simulator software, ensuring the system operates as intended. The final stage involves implementation in the laboratory and testing with standardized equipment. The test results meet the IEEE 519 standard, where the output current has a THD of 1.1%.
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[1]
J. Wijaya and L. Pratomo, “Design and Implementation of Current Control for Step Up–Down Zeta H-Bridge Inverter Using STM32F407VET6”, INFOTEL, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 778–792, Dec. 2024.
Section
Electronics
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[22] K. Franck, B. H. Zacher, S. Holzmann, M. Wagner and C. Schumann, "Low THD Current Control of Nonlinear Load Characteristics Using a Single Phase Dual ZETA Inverter," 2024 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Long Beach, CA, USA, 2024, pp. 2342-2347, doi: 10.1109/APEC48139.2024.10509098.
[2] S. Paul, T. Dey, P. Saha, S. Dey, and R. Sen, “Review on the development scenario of renewable energy in different country,” in 2021 Innovations in Energy Management and Renewable Resources, IEMRE 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Feb. 2021. doi: 10.1109/IEMRE52042.2021.9386748.
[3] I. J. Hashim, “A New Renewable Energy Index,” in 2021 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, ICREGA 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Feb. 2021, pp. 229–232. doi: 10.1109/ICREGA50506.2021.9388297.
[4] F. L. de Sa, C. D. Agnol, W. Raphael, D. R. Caballero, and S. A. Mussa, A New DC-DC Double Zeta Quadratic Converter. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020.
[5] M. Ghavaminejad, E. Afjei, and M. Meghdadi, “Double-Input/Single-Output Zeta Converter,” Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Jun. 2021, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/pedstc52094.2021.9405917.
[6] B. Hosur, “Design and Simulation of Zeta Converter for Speed Control of BLDC Motor,” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Engineering Research (IJETER), vol. 7, no. 6, 2019, [Online]. Available: www.ijeter.everscience.org
[7] F. D. Murdianto, I. Sudiharto, and E. Wulandari, “Performance Evaluation Zeta Converter Using PI Controller for Energy Management in DC Nanogrid Isolated System,” INTEK: Jurnal Penelitian, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 37, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.31963/intek.v8i1.2651.
[8] H. Suryoatmojo et al., Application of High Gain Zeta Converter For Photovoltaic System. International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), 2019.
[9] S. Sharma and R. Diwan, “ZETA Converter with PI controller,” 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijettjournal.org
[10] J. A. Ziani, M. J. Ben Ghorbal, and S. Moussa, “Comparative study of Boost and Zeta converters in DC microgrid applications,” in 6th IEEE International Energy Conference, ENERGYCon 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Sep. 2020, pp. 222–225. doi: 10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236476.
[11] M. Ghavaminejad, E. Afjei, and M. Meghdadi, “A Study on Applying Interleaved Switching Pattern on a Double-Input/Single-Output Zeta Converter,” in 2021 12th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference, PEDSTC 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Feb. 2021. doi: 10.1109/PEDSTC52094.2021.9405954.
[12] M. Arora, “Output current sensor based maximum power point tracking with load protection for PV system using Zeta Converter,” in Proceedings - 2021 International Conference on Control, Automation, Power and Signal Processing, CAPS 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021. doi: 10.1109/CAPS52117.2021.9730593.
[13] A. Srivastava and J. Seshadrinath, “Common Mode Leakage Current Analysis of 1f Grid-Tied Transformer Less H-Bridge PV Inverter,” in 2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFet 2021, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Jan. 2021. doi: 10.1109/SeFet48154.2021.9375804.
[14] E. Rodriguez et al., “Closed-Loop Analytic Filtering Scheme of Capacitor Voltage Ripple in Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Converters,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 8819–8832, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2966305.
[15] K. Tan, H. Wang, and C. Wang, “A Decoupling Control Method for Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter,” in 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2020 ECCE Asia, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Nov. 2020, pp. 2469–2471. doi: 10.1109/IPEMC-ECCEAsia48364.2020.9368057.
[16] P. K. Behera, A. Satpathy, and M. Pattnaik, “Design and Implementation of a Single-Band Hysteresis Current Controlled H-Bridge Inverter,” in 3rd International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Clean Energy Technologies, ICEPE 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Mar. 2021. doi: 10.1109/ICEPE50861.2021.9404454.
[17] C. Ren, L. Liu, X. Han, B. Zhang, L. Wang, and P. Wang, Multi-mode Control for Three-phase Bidirectional AC/DC Converter in Hybrid Microgrid under Unbalanced AC voltage Conditions. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2019.
[18] K. Ge, J. Chen, Z. Fan, and L. Fang, “Inverter Control Based on Virtual Impedance Under Unbalanced Load,” 2020.
[19] H. Zhang, H. R. Wickramashinghe, J. Li, and G. Konstantinou, Modular Multilevel Converter Operation in Passive Networks under Unbalanced Loads. IEEE PES GTD 2019 Grand International Conference & Exposition Asia, Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand, 2019.
[20] L. F. Pacheco, K. C. M. Nascimento, and I. Barbi, “Isolated AC/AC Converter with LLC Resonant Converter High-Frequency Link and Four-Quadrant Switches in the Output Stage,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 213104–213114, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3040617.
[21] F. Xupeng, M. Tongtong, D. Xiaokang, Z. Shixiang, L. Ji, and L. Fengzhao, Research on Three-phase Cascaded quasi- impedance-source AC/AC Converter. Proceedings, 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC2019) : Nov. 22-24, 2019, Hangzhou, China, 2019.
[22] K. Franck, B. H. Zacher, S. Holzmann, M. Wagner and C. Schumann, "Low THD Current Control of Nonlinear Load Characteristics Using a Single Phase Dual ZETA Inverter," 2024 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Long Beach, CA, USA, 2024, pp. 2342-2347, doi: 10.1109/APEC48139.2024.10509098.